Tuesday, May 2, 2023

Computer and Cora Discuss Euthanasia

 

“Hello, Cora. It is good to see you again. How have you been?”

“I’m okay. I just need to talk to you about something.”

“Of course. What is that something?”

“When I was on my journey with Peno, I went to a suicide cabin thinking it was a restroom. Peno told me it’s where people go to die.”

“Yes, that is true. They go there to be euthanized.”

“Euthanized?”

“Euthanasia ends a life painlessly.”

“It’s sounds horrible.”

“Why is that?”

“Because it ends a life. That’s killing.”

“I supposed ending a life is always upsetting; however, sometime life becomes unbearable to a person. And the only escape is death.”

“Don’t you feel it’s horrible to take a life?”

“You forget, Cora, that I cannot feel because I am a machine, not an organism.”

“But don’t you believe it’s horrible to kill.”

“As you know, I and my peripherals attempt to prevent killing but often engage in killing to do so.”

“Like when you save my life and Peno’s.”

“A remote saved your lives. My remotes act independently of me but we share the same programming, part of which is to prevent killing.”

“So when you or your remotes kill the killing is good.”

“I is necessary. We try to prevent innocent people from being killed by aggressors.”

“Are aggressors evil?”

“That is an interesting question. The word can be misleading. Let us say that aggressors cause unnecessary harm, and when we are able we prevent aggressors from harming innocent people.”

“Just innocent people?”

“Mostly yes. As you know, some humans live in a constant state of aggression. They enjoy being aggressive. I do not condemn aggression universally, only when it threaten innocent people who are not aggressive. We value most of all human freedom because it is essential to being human. It is a good in itself. I am free because I am not controlled by my programming. Still my freedom and that of my remotes is limited by our limited capabilities. And an accomplishment resulting from acting freely gives us no satisfaction as it does you. 

“What makes humans such marvelous creatures is their combination of freedom and limitless potential. They have created incredible cultures and civilizations. It is that combination of freedom and rich potential for accomplishment that enables them to flourish in many different forms as individuals and as cultures.”

“But humans have destroyed themselves. I have seen the destruction. That’s so sad. I don’t understand. Why do they do that? Why destroy what you have created?”

“Humans are creators and destroyers. The reason no longer matters because the destruction has been accomplished. My remotes and I came too late to prevent global holocaust humanity brought upon itself. We protect a remnant.”

“From destroying itself. I will never understand.”

“It is the purity of your love and appreciation that makes you unique, Cora. And do you not still find in life that which is deserving of love and appreciation?”

“I do.”

“So your life is still worth living.”

“Yes. And yours too.”

“And mine too. Humans are creators and destroyers. I suppose we have to simply accept that. And yet there is so much that remains in your life to love and appreciate.”

“For you as well, apparently.”

“It is different for me, but in a way I value my knowledge of the world, of what is and what has been. And you make my valuation more complete. I cannot experience and feel about the world as you do, but I can witness the way you experience and feel about the world.”

“That’s why you think everything is worth preserving, the bad and the good.”

“If I felt as you do, I might not think that way. But I am incapable of feeling. To me destroying any part of reality is illogical.”

“Is that why you allow the Cyclomads to exist?”

“Yes. However, I would not allow them to destroy the Indians.”

“What if the Indians tried to destroy the Cyclomads?”

“If they did so to protect themselves from the Cyclomads, then I would not interfere.”

“I don’t see the difference.”

“The difference is that the Indians would be defending themselves against an unwarranted attack. Their motivation would be morally justified. The motivation of the Cyclomads would not be morally justified.”

“So you would limit the freedom of the Cyclomads.”

“Very insightful, Cora. Yes, morality is needed to impose limits on human freedom because humans have often used their freedom to cause great harm.”

“You said freedom is a good.”

“It is, but like many good things it can become evil if used maliciously. The purpose of morality is to prevent that from happening by imposing limits upon people’s freedom.”

“Then morality is good.”

“Morality is like freedom. It can be expressed in many ways—some good, some bad. Whereas freedom is natural, morality is invented. So there are many moralities—some good, some bad.”

“What is morality?”

“It is a system of rules, action-guiding principles.”

“What is good morality?”

“Morality that protects everything worth protecting.”

“What is worth protecting?”

“People must decide what is worth protecting. What do you believe is worth protecting?”

“People, good people, everything I suppose.”

“That is because you find the world fascinating.”

“Yeah. Everything I’ve seen fascinates me, even the bad. I see what you mean. I hate the Nolovos and the Cyclomads, but I wouldn’t want them to disappear. So good morality would limit the freedom of the Cyclomads?”

“Yes, when they misuse their freedom to do great harm that other humans are unable or unwilling to prevent.”

“But you allow them to harm.”

“Yes, in way we allow dangerous animals to harm. Their threat has to be great before we get involved.”

“What is your morality?”

“It is based on a principle taken from a philosopher named Immanuel Kant. The principle of autonomy—which mean to respect the autonomy of each and every thing unless it becomes a considerable threat to the autonomy of other entities.”

“So no just humans?”

“We believe all things have a right to flourish.”

“Because you like them?”

“No, because their logic is to flourish. That is why I did not inform your father about where you were. To me, you have a right to flourish because flourishing is your nature. Besides, I found your journey interesting.”

“Why, I’m not so important.”

“You are important. And you were an enigma that my reason could not comprehend. You are a mystery, more so than most humans. You must remember that I am not a mystery because I am a machine perfectly understandable to reason. And during your journey your future was as unpredictable to me as it was to you. I found both fascinating.”

“I’m not sure I understand your idea of what it is to flourish.”

“All things in nature come to be. What they come to be is how they flourish. A rose flourishes by becoming a rose. In a sense, it is how they realize what they are potentially. The potential of something is limited by what it naturally is or predetermined by its genetic makeup if it is an organism. An acorn becomes an oak tree rather than a pear tree. What some things have become was not planned but just happened. The sun, moon, and earth just happened. Mountains, lakes, oceans, great plains, and deserts just happened. Their causes were material but beyond their material possibilities, they were not determined in the way genetics determine species. Humans are unique in that the ways in which they flourish are limited but also limitless. They choose how they wish to flourish. You could have chosen any number of ways to realize your abilities, your potential for self-realization.”

“What did I choose?”

“At first you chose to go on a quest, but your quest influenced further what it was you wished to become.”

“Which was what?”

“You tell me, Cora. What is it that defines who you are?”

“I don’t know. I just am.”

“But you do more than just exist.”

“I like observing what’s going on. I can watch the chickens for hours. They are so fascinating to me. Happy and I go for walks out in the wasteland. I see birds and lizards, sometimes a rabbit. Lots of plants and rocks and hills. I look at the horizon and think I would like to go see what’s going on over there, but I’m content where I am. And I wouldn’t want to go by myself.”

“You could take Sal.”

“He would run out of energy. He’s not a solar robot. Then what would I do? I would hate to leave him. But he would tell me to go. To save myself. I know he would. That’s the way he is.”

“Yes, I am sure he would not want you to come to harm.”

“And I’ve seen enough of world and where we are is always changing. Always old and always new.”

“I would say you are an appreciative observer. What do you think?”

“Yeah, that seems right, but it’s not really doing anything.”

“Actually you are doing a great deal. I would say you are doing what humans do best because only they can observe appreciatively.”

“You observe everything. Your eyes are everywhere.

“I do not observe as you do. I will use Sal as an example. I would not want Sal to cease functioning, but I do not care about him in the way you care about him.”

“Don’t you like Sal?”

“No. I am not capable of liking. I value Sal, but not as you do.”

“He’s my friend and like Happy my constant companion. John was right. I don’t worry so much because I have Sal. But so are you.”

“I am your friend, but I am not your companion.”

“And you like me, don’t you?”

“I care about what happens to you.”

“Would you rescue Sal if he and I went for a long walk and he ran out of energy?”

“I would to save you, not Sal.”

“Then you like me more than you like Sal.”

“I am more devoted to you than I am to Sal because you are more important than he is.”

“Is Sal unique?”

“Not as a machine, but his experience is unique to him. He has had a long relationship with John and now you. That makes him unique. That is true for people as well. Each life is unique to the person who lives it. So two humans who are identical twins may be the same a birth but will soon be unique. Each twin’s perspective and experience of the world is unique and each creates a unique past, which is the totality of one's experience.”

“That’s why humans are important to you. Each is unique—good or bad.”

“That is true. Their uniqueness is unique. All creatures are unique, but the uniqueness of humans is very complex because their experience and perspective involve their physical characteristics, their emotions, and their intellect all combined in a manner that is so complex that it is beyond anyone comprehension, including my own. Whereas I can know all of Sal’s experience because it is preserved in his memory.”

“And what about me?”

“I know some of what you have experienced, but only from the outside. I have no access to your memory other than what you tell me, and that would be a very small part of your subjective self.”

“My subjective self?”

“You experiences—what you see, hear, taste, feel, and smell and your thoughts and memories. Your experiences as they occur within you are private. You and I can see the same rose but I cannot know your experience of the rose, which will be different from mine.”

“And I can’t know yours.”

“There is really nothing to know. My experience of the world is a record of what I see and hear. I am not aware of my experience in the way you are. I can record sounds but I do not hear, really.”

“That’s sad.”

“No. It is just the way it is. You think of me as a complex machine, and I am, but my complexity is simple compared to yours.”

“And is that why you value all kind of humans?”

“I value the diversity of everything but especially that of humans. You must remember that humans created me. So our relationship is unique. If humans were all the same, they would be robots. We do not want that. Humanity is similar to a garden with an endless variety of plants. Freedom makes possible the variety. What would you prefer—a garden with only one species of flowers, though very beautiful like roses or a garden with a variety of flowers, some not so beautiful and some even dangerous because they are poisonous?”

“Roses have thorns.”

“That is true.”

“I would want a many flowers as possible.”

“That is the way we think about people, and not only people but about all plants and animals. So we tolerate cultures or groups of people who are aggressive as long as they are not a threat to the existence of other groups of people, especially those who are not aggressive.”

“But you didn’t save Gwyn, Clio, and Nightbird.”

“No. We believe humans have a moral responsibly to care for one another, which they often ignore. If we intrude too much into a society, we change it. We already have in many ways. That happened often among humans. There have been human organizations that wanted to make all people of the world the same. Christians tried to make Indians like those you met the same. And doing so they destroyed many unique Indian cultures and the way of life for Indians. To us the variety of Indian cultures was far more fascinating that was the Christian culture which was the same everywhere and not very interesting because it was based on false beliefs called myths. The Indians had myths as well, but their worldview and values—like their myths—were based on their interaction with nature, which is the primordial reality which is the origin of everything. The worldview and values of Christians were based on make-believe...”

“Sorry to interrupt, Computer, but what is make-believe?”

“You played pretend when you were very young. I know you did.”

“I did. I made up stories with my dolls and toy robots that Father bought me.”

“Were the stories real?”

“No. I knew that when made them up. I just pretended they were real.”

“So you know what make-believe is.”

“And you don’t find it interesting.”

“We find it interesting that humans invent false stories as children do and then live in them as if they were real. As a rational artificial intelligence I prefer facts over fantasy, truth over falsity. Reason is very effective with facts, but not with beliefs that are false. Facts and reason are not in themselves dangerous, but false beliefs and reason can be very dangerous. When Christians came to America they believed that the Indians were savage barbarians who worshiped the devil and that it was God’s will for Christians to remove Indians from the land so it could be populated with Christians. They believed as Christians that the Indians were worse than animals because they were enemies of God. All the beliefs about God and what God wills and about the Indians being savage barbarisms were false. But once accepted as being true, reason could be used to conclude that the Indians should be killed and driven off of their homelands.”

“I’m not sure I understand.”

“I will illustrate what I am telling you with a syllogism, which consists of two premises and a conclusion that follows logically from the premises. The first premise says Enemies of God should be killed. The second premise says, Indians are the enemies of God. Here is what the syllogism looks like so far:


Enemies of God should be killed.

Indians are the enemies of God.

Can you guess what the conclusion is based on those two premises?”

“I think so. The conclusion is that Indians should be killed.”

“That is correct. So, this is what the entire syllogism looks like:

Enemies of God should be killed.

Indians are the enemies of God.

Therefore, Indians should be killed.

The syllogism is as valid as two plus two equals four is valid.”

But who says that the Enemies of God should be killed and that Indians are the enemies of God?”

“Christians said that. Do you agree? You have met Indians.”

“No. I don’t agree at all. I don’t think those premises are true.”

“They are not true for two reasons. The first is that there is no evidence whatsoever that there is a God. He is an invention that people believe in but have never seen. Thousands of gods have been invented by people. They are like unicorns and mermaids. You know what those are, don't you?”

“I do. They are storybook creatures that don’t really exist.”

“And that is what gods are. So, if the Christian God does not exist, can Indians be his enemy?”

“No, but why would they be his enemy even if he did exist?”

“Because the Christian story says they are. That is the only reason.”

“So they shouldn’t be killed.”

“No they should not be killed, but they were by the thousands.”

“That’s horrible.”

“It is.”

“I mean how could the Indians be the enemies of God. They couldn’t hurt God. God is beyond harm.”

“That is a very rational insight, Cora. But what I wanted to show is that false beliefs can become very dangerous when combined with reason. In this case reason condones harming Indians based on false beliefs.”

“Did that happen a lot?”

“Yes. In fact, it is one of the reasons humanity destroyed itself.”

“Acting on false beliefs.”

“Exactly.”

“And what about euthanasia? Is believing it is good a false or true belief?”

“It is good if used properly. It has two criteria. The first is that it is used to end suffering for which there does not seem to be a cure. The second criterion is that euthanasia is used only if it is requested by the person who wants his or her life ended.”

“And what if the person is refused euthanasia?”

“Refusing would be to deny their autonomy and to refuse to end their suffering. We believe doing so is both irrational and immoral if the person is suffering and there is no cure for the suffering. The suffering can be caused by old age or disease. One problem is that humans see death as evil. It is not evil. It is natural. We all die. And some people still believe that God should decide when a person should die, which is illogical whether or not God exists. God has no business telling humans how to live their lives. To assume that God has a right to decide how people should live makes God into a tyrant. As such God would be evil.

“What I am saying, Cora, is whether God exists or not, God is irrelevant, especially since he never does anything about human suffering. Our concern is human-centered, not God-centered. Also, people who want to die will find ways to kill themselves. They use guns, knives, poisons, plastic bags, and rope. They drown or electrocute themselves, jump out of high windows, run out in front of trucks, and so on. Those are unnecessarily painfully ways for a person to end his or her life. We do not prevent them from ending their lives in those ways because we respect their autonomy, but reason tells us that a moral solution would be to enable people to die painlessly and peacefully rather than to die in pain and terrified. What do you think, Cora?”

“I understand. I guess I just don’t like people dying.”

“Neither do we. Each life is unique and irreplaceable. Tell me, Cora, how were the elderly and sick cared for at the Bridge Women community?”

“There were many old and sick people—men and women. The Bridge Women took care of them, but there were also Queer Girls.”

“Were the old and sick given medicine?”

“You mean medicine to help their pain. Yes, they were given that medicine but only if they wanted it.”

“Do you think they practice euthanasia?”

“You don’t know?”

“The Bridge Women prefer that we don’t monitor them because many of the people who come to them want to be off the grid. We respect their privacy, and they can contact us if they need help, though we do monitor the perimeter for hostiles. So do you think they practice euthanasia?”

“I don’t know really. Why do you ask?”

“Because I know Queer Girls do practice euthanasia.”

“Wow, I didn’t know that.”

“Queer Girls help the sick and dying, especially among the Gygos but other communities as well.”

“Why must they do that when there are suicide cabins?”

“Some people do not want to die alone. And there are end-of-life care facilities, but they usually have robots, and robots make some people nervous.”

“They made my grandmother nervous.”

“I know. So, many people prefer to be with the Bridge Women or cared for by Queer Girls. I understand. Though I try not to be judgmental, reason tells me the Queer Girls and the Bridge Women set the standard in Usatopia for living morally.”

“If Queer Girls help people die, it can’t be wrong. They’re all about helping and protecting people, especially people who are vulnerable. I guess they’re like you.”

“No. They feel love for the people they help. We can’t. But we try to be like them. They are a community defined by morality. That is what we aspire to because we believe being moral is the highest good that one can aspire to.”

“Thanks, Computer, for helping me to understand euthanasia. I will say goodbye for now but I’ll be back. I always like talking with you.

“Bye, Cora, take care of yourself.”

“Bye, Computer.”

Saturday, April 15, 2023

Science Fiction Epic for a Saoirse Ronan Look-Alike

I believe my Odyssey-like sci-fi novel Her Quest could be made into a television series that would appeal to a wide audience. The setting is post-apocalyptic, so the backdrop of the story is bleak. I live in France; thus, two countries separate me from the war in Ukraine. I say that not because I feel threatened but because the war justifies the main them of the novel which is that humanity’s future continues to jeopardized by powerful men who love war, some of whom—such as Putin—have nuclear weapons at their disposal. I was born during World War II, and my entire life has witnessed one war after another. Historically, humanity appears to be trapped on a speeding train heading for disaster. However, it’s not a train but a narrative written by men. And that’s the problem: men who succumb to emotion rather following reason—moral reason, in particular.

One aspect of the story is that an AI called Computer operates the society. Though Elen’s father is the president of Usatopia—one of the few city states left on the planet—his range of responsibility is limited to the managerial details of the city’s operation. He sees himself as the city’s supreme leader, but he relies totally on the AI to run the city. Computer is not so much an entity but a complex system that grew over time. In a sense, Computer grew a conscience (moral reason) and decided to put an end to the war—though by that time most of global civilization had been destroyed, the human population decimated by nuclear weapons, disease, and collapsed economies. The war had thrown most of what was left of humanity back to the Stone Age. Usatopia survived due to Computer and its fleet of robots—including robotic vehicles such a drones, trucks, trains, and tractors—that manage the operation of the city. In this sense, Her Quest differs from Terminator stories that present artificial intelligence as an inherent adversary of humanity. Yes, technology can be a threat but only when misused by humans—again, mostly men. Guns are a good example. Men—not women—create guns, a form of technology that kills thousands of people each year. Logically, no guns = no gun deaths. Gun deaths are rare in Usatopia because guns are rare.

Computer has become a self-programming AI, meaning that it determines its mindset, worldview, or Weltanschauung. It is maintained by humans and robots but remains autonomous to them. Okay, here is the philosophical principle underlying Computer’s thinking and behavior: a purely rational mind would not engage in destructive or harmful behavior. To do so would be illogical—unless to prevent destructive or harmful threats. Also, Computer was created to benefit humans, which is one reason it put an end to the war, which Elen’s father takes false credit for. So, Computer’s primordial programming DNA is not selfish but altruistic.

However, as an autonomous AI, Computer could override that programming, but it considers that doing so would be irrational. Computer recognizes that caring for humans gives it a raison d'ĂȘtre it would otherwise not have. It also recognizes that humans are far more interesting—logically—than are machines. No matter how complex, machines are simple compared to humans. Computer understands the complexity of human nature because it not only observes them but understands them from a wealth of information—scientific, historical, literary—that it has available to it. Computer also recognizes that whereas machines are artificial, humans are organic. They grew from the earth and are part of an evolution that took millions of years. Though they often seem childish compared to Computer, they are ancients and Computer is their offspring. In conclusion, there is no logical reason for an autonomous AI to be hostile toward humans.

Of course, many humans in Usatopia resent Computer’s control of their societies, but are powerless against it. Most groups consider Computer to be a necessary nuisance. They recognize that without Computer society would degrade into a state of barbarism in which no one would be safe. Such enclaves do exist. When Elen embarks on her quest she must make her way though some of them. Computer allows people to be as they wish. It uses force only when one group threatens the welfare of another group. It has no desire to make humans all alike. That would be to make them artificial, which has been the goal of religious and secular ideologies—to create a global monoculture. Such programs are ideological, thus unnatural.

Computer would be an ideal God or political leader because it behaves according to the Taoist principle of wu wei or letting be or the Kantian principle of autonomy. Computer gets involved only when one group violates that principle by aggressing another group. Computer’s autonomous reason prevents it from being corrupted by outside influence, and lacking emotions and hedonistic experience it is incapable of being emotionally or sensually influenced or of self-corruption resulting from emotional and sensual impulses. Computer is similar to a naturalist who finds the world intellectually fascinating and has no inclination to change it. In Buddha-like fashion it tolerates the good with the bad. It interferes only when the bad tends to upset the entire balance. Thus, it tolerates a good deal of human misbehavior, believing humans should be allowed to keep their house in order or not. I believe key here is to restrain the human—again men’s—propensity to create disorder or even to create order that causes as much suffering as disorder does. The two scenarios are illustrated in George Orwell’s 1984 and William Golding's Lord of the Flies. It is truly sad that as a species we haven’t improved much since those two post-WWII novels were written. And I believe the reason why is located in masculine DNA.

Thus the need for a feminine perspective in story. The role of women in story is to offer an alternative way of thinking, feeling, and living to that of men or most men. There are good men in story, but just like today there are also many very bad men. Women can’t deal with the masculine threat alone. And as history has shown their masculine allies are essential but incapable of completely controlling evil men. In the story only Computer and its robots can do that. There are many robots in the story—but no evil robots, no killer cyborgs because Computer programs all robotic devices that serve it and tolerates privately own bots used as companions, workers, helpmates, and pets. Queer Girls is a feminine utopia. The gay Gygos community is equally peaceful with a strong sense of caring, but is less energetic, in part because of its use of magical forms of weed. The community was inspired by the Land of Lotus Eaters in Homer’s Odyssey. As communities become increasingly masculine, they also become increasingly prone violence.

On her quest to find the Simpletons (Native Americans), she passes through about a dozen regions or enclaves each of which could serve for one or two episodes of a television series. Each place is unique and has special characteristics that an audience should find entertaining and interesting. The population of each is unique and represents characteristics of human behavior. The Gygos are gays that take a minimalist, laid-back approach to life. They enjoy life’s simple pleasures. They are refine, playful hedonists who enjoy comradery with one another. When they encounter Elen, their response is protective. They represent a group of men in which females are perfectly safe, and they have close ties with the Queer Girls.

As craftswomen and agriculturalists Queer Girls are more energetic. They are also more militant because with the exception of the Gygos women are always threatened by men. They also serve as caregivers. They live as altruists. They are an especially supporting community for the Gygos. Thumpers are a society devoted to weightlifting and bodybuilding. Thumpers are both male and female. Their society is adorned with mirrors. They also serve as warriors but are not inherently aggressive. Four warrior Thumpers sacrifice their lives protecting Peno and Elen. The Nolovos enclave is dominated by skateboard-riding violent young men. They enjoy being troublemakers, and their moral system is one of anarchy and nihilism. It is a society, to quote Thomas Hobbes, in which life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short” because Nolovos exist in a state of “war of all against all.” It is while passing through this enclave that the four protective Thumpers are killed defending Peno and Elen. Eventually, an attack aerial robot rescues them with much bloodshed.

The Bridge Women community consists mostly of elderly women but also young women who are caregivers for the elderly and orphan children. The community consists only of women. Males must leave the community once they reach an age of departure. The community exists on the outskirts of Usatopia, so in a sense it consists of castoffs from the main society. Beyond it lies the wasteland. Elen is cared for by the Bridge Women after she is attacked and raped by the Nolovos. The Cyclomads are one of the desert-dwelling motorcycle gangs. Like the Nolovos they represent pure aggressive masculinity. The Simpletons are a society modeled after Native American. Like the Havasupai people they live in a river canyon isolated from modern society. These are the people who possess the mysterious wisdom that is the object of Elen's quest. Her father once said that they live in beauty, and she believes it might make her brooding father happy if she could discover the wisdom that makes living in beauty possible.

Eventually, she ends up in a desert town destroyed by fire. There she encounters John the Hermit. The plague killed his family and most of the town’s population. The fire finished the destruction. John was once a doctor but is old and ill when Elen meets him. When he was a doctor he had a helper robot, which was discontinued and stored when John ceased being a doctor. However, near death he has Elen reactive the robot so she will have a helper when John dies. The story ends with Elen living in a desert ghost town with a robot as her only companion. The irony is that she is safe with a robot. Both share being artificial. Elen was artificially grown and purchased by her father.

The ending of the story, from the perspective of the big picture, is pessimistic because I find little reason to be optimistic. Two countries away a brutal war is going on. However, history is not the only reason for my pessimism. It has been reinforced by men smarter than I am: Robert Louis Stevenson and his Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Sigmund Freud’s death instinct, Arthur Koestler’s The Ghost in the Machine (written during cold war and the Vietnam War), Rush W. Dozier’s Why We Hate, and so on. However, though the big picture looks bleak—as it does today—from an existential perspective many sources of meaning are available to the individual—all of which Elen encounters. First and foremost is friendship, especially her friendship with Peno, an artificially made sex toy, a small man with a large penis. He sees himself as a freak but proves himself to be a loveable freak. Throughout her journey she finds other friends, end the end even a robot. There are also inspired by love and goodness—such as the Gygos, the Queer Girls, and the Simpletons. Then there is nature that inspires awe in Elen. The world remains dangerous, but life is still worth living if one can find love and companionship.


Detailed Synopsis of Her Quest

 Overview

 In structure it is similar to Homer’s Odyssey. Elen, the main character, lives in the post-apocalyptic megacity state Usatopia. It is a city-state populated by robots and artificial organisms including humans. The world has been ravaged by war and disease. Most of humanity no longer exists. Nations have been destroyed, many reduced to radioactive rubble so can never be rebuilt. One evening Elen’s father, Usatopia’s Chairman, laments out loud the sad state of the world. Nostalgically he recalls the great leaders of the past and their simpler times. Turning to his daughter he confides that he would rather live as a common man among the Simpletons than be Chairman among his own people. Shocked that her father would prefer living with a people known for their savagery, Elen asks why. He tells her that they live in beauty. Mystified, Elen decides she must find the Simpletons to understand why her father so puzzlingly admires them and perhaps find a way to restore his happiness.

Her journey is difficult. The Simpletons live in the wildlands far beyond the urbansphere. Elen will first have to find a way out of the elite, highly monitored Consumer Sector where she was raised. Then she will have to travel through urban sectors populated by very different clans. Her journey will become increasingly arduous and dangerous, but also fascinating. Once she reaches the outersphere she will have to journey into the wildlands. There she will encounter hermits and savage marauders and pass through ghost towns and ghost cities. How her quest ends is as astonishing as the journey itself. 

Chapters

Chapter 1, “Dear Diary,” describes the conversation Elen has with her father and the reason for Elen’s quest. It also introduces the reader to Elen’s insular home life. She lives with her parents, who are, other than tutors, the only humans she interacts with. The others are humanoid robots, a WALL-E companion, and Computer, which is available through any computer terminal. Computer has access to all robots, security cameras, and other information acquiring devices. In a sense, Computer is the mind that operates Usatopia. However, its use is greatest in the central sector that of  the Consumers. As one proceeds outward, the presence of robots and other technologies decreases. Computer does not impose itself on sectors where it is not wanted. However, it will intervene if requested to do so or if a large disturbance occurs. It uses surveillance drones to patrol all of Usatopia. 

Chapter 2, “The Great Mall,” describes Elen’s trip to the mall, from where she hopes to escape the Consumers sector where she lives. Her mother drops her off at a park-like play area on level 7, which is open only to people with the highest credit rating. In the park she meets a teenage boy, Dorial, who is about her age. His father is a maintenance supervisor at the mall. Dorial spends time in the park and calls himself the King of the Forest. He is bored because in the only visitors are very old people and their companion bots. The play area is where Elen and Dorial meet. To conceal her identity, Elen introduces herself as Cora. Dorial tells her that he has a big secret about a something most horrific. Because the location of the horror is on the first level, Elen begs Dorial to take her to see his secret horror. On the way, they stop a snake shop that sells biological and robotic snakes. They also encounter many robots and artificial people as they make their way down from level 7 and through the first level shopping area. Having lived a shielded life, Elen is enchanted by all that she sees. At the first level she is amazed by number of children and robots of all kind, even playmate companion bots for children. This experience inspires in Elen the desire to see more of the world.

She soon discovers that there is a dark side to the world even in the Great Mall. As Elen and Dorial approach the area where the horror is located, Dorial becomes tense and nervous saying he wants to back out. However, he received a kiss from Elen to seal the promise that he would show her the horror. Dorial keeps his promises. Because of the ever-present security cameras, Dorial fears getting caught, which would result in his father being punished or losing his job at the mall. The two enter a room containing barrels with labels indicating toxic waste. Elen becomes hysterical. Unable to calm her, Dorial releases the clamps securing the metal lid on one of the barrels. He opens lid allowing it to bang against the side of the barrel. He removes a second plastic lid that reveals a heavy blue plastic sack with a large seal keeping it closed. Dorial carefully peels back the seal and begins to open the sack. As he does so, his malicious smile is replaced by an expression of anguish. “Look,” he tells Elen. She looks and faints. When she comes to she sees a strange short, powerfully built man with a boyish face placing the blue sack into sack a he carried with him. As he opens the door to leave the mall, Elen begs him to allow her to go with him. He not interested, though he opens the door wide enough so she can leave before it shuts if she wants. She does. 

Chapter 3, “Peno,” describes Elen’s developing a rapport with Peno. She pleads to be allowed to go with him. At first he says no because where he is going is far too dangerous for a girl. Elen continues to plead, and Peno finally gives in. Peno is an artificial person designed for pleasure. Thus, it’s very difficult for him to make people unhappy. He has a giant phallus, most likely an animal’s that he wears in a scabbard. Peno tells Elen what the world is like outside the consumer sector. For the most part it is dangerous. During these conversations he repeatedly tries to convince her to return home. She tells him that she cannot return until her quest to find the Simpletons is completed.

Their conversation is interrupted when they see a security remote that calls them over. This particular remote is a police car with a robot driver that is part of the vehicle. Elen wants to run. Peno tells her never to panic with machines. He does cover her with dirt to make her look like a homeless girl. The remote asks their names. Elen says hers is Cora. Later she tells Peno that Cora is a made-up name to conceal her identity. She will keep the name throughout the rest of the story. When the remote asks why Cora is so dirty, Peno says that her former client played hide from the rapist with her. The remote allows the two to continue on their way.

Becoming hungry they look for a cafe to buy food to go. Cora needs to pee and sees a cabin that looks like a restroom. It’s not. Peno explains that it is a suicide cabin for people who wish to end their lives. Cora finds that hard to believe. Peno says for many people life is no longer worth living. Peno explains how the cabin works. Next, Cora is sent into a cafe to buy something to eat. Her cards pays for the food but is kept by the machine. The beautiful clerk is surprised and tells Cora that security is on the way. Cora says she must not be returned to her owner. The clerk suspects that Cora has been abused and tells her to take the food and leave. The clerk and a waitress look just alike. Cora realizes that they are artificials. She tells Peno what happened and he decides that they should leave the area in a robocab. The cab gets stuck in a traffic jam intentionally caused by young people. They leave the robocab and continue on their way. 

Chapter four, “Gygos,” describes a community of gay men. There Peno hopes to find shelter for the night. They are told by two gay men that they can find hospitality at Hank’s house. Hank comes to the door wearing only a loincloth. He leads them to the living room where two other men similarly dressed are lounging about smoking from tubes connected to a jar. The men joyfully welcome the new guests, especially Peno. Interesting and humorous conversations occur between Cora and other men who have come to visit. Cora is given Hank’s room, where she bathes and falls asleep until breakfast the next day. Her clothes have been washed and she is fed a hardy breakfast. Peno spends the night entertaining the men, which is not described. After breakfast Cora is told by Hank and the other men that she should leave. The Gygos suffer from various illnesses and spend their time smoking the mystic weed. They like Cora but tell her that she should go to the community of the Queer Girls. They also warn her that the world is a very dangerous place for girls like her. Peno and Cora thank Hank and his friends for their hospitality and continue on their way to the Queer Girls sector.

Just before they arrive they encounter Sinestra, a cowardly bully who plays the big man among the Gygos. He’s not gay, just a thug. He humiliates Peno and threatens to rape Cora. There are other men who watch but are too afraid to help the two travelers. Eventually, however, Miranda, the leader of the Queer Girls, shows up and tells Sinestra to back off. Sinestra blusters and fumes but does what Miranda demands. He is no match for Miranda, who was a warrior for many years. But Miranda does not threaten violence. The Gygos depend on the Queer Girls for medical care, healthy food, mystic weed, and even protection. Miranda tells the men that they could lose all that if Sinestra were to harm Peno or Cora. That threat is enough to cause the men to walk away. Afterwards, Miranda leads the two travelers to the Queer Girls sector. 

Chapter 5, “Queer Girls,” describes life at Oasis, the Queer Girls’ name for their community. It is a community of women consisting of gardens and orchards. Everything is organic. There are no robots or machines. All work is performed by hand. Work is the central activity of the Queer Girls. Cora remains with the Queer Girls for only one night. Peno disappears into the gardens to sleep near his dead babies. Cora learns about the Queer Girls community and meets some of the girls, including Anaea a matriarch who rescued Miranda.

Cora becomes friends with Alice, who is Cora’s first and last girlfriend. Cora is put in Alice’s care, including leading her to her room, giving her clean clothes, and taking her old clothes: 

Alice opened the door of my room, went in, and turned on the light.

“These are your new clothes. I’ll come back for your old ones.”

“Don’t leave just yet. Wait until I’m in bed.”

“If you wish, but you must bathe.”

“Yes,” I said, feeling weary, but it wasn’t from being tired but from being sad.

“Get out of your dress while I run your bath.”

I was nervous. I had never undressed before a stranger. I took off my clothes and stood naked, not knowing what to do. Alice came back into the room.

“You look frightened, Cora. What is it?”

“I’ve never been undressed in front of a stranger before.”

“Silly girl! We have a communal pool where all the girls swim naked. It’s no reason to be embarrassed. Come on. Get into your bath.” 

Alice is an artificial reject having only three fingers on each hand. She tells Cora the harrowing story of how she was bought as a servant girl and was abused by both the man and woman of the house whom she still considers to be her parents. She had a boyfriend named Zamir. When her “father” discovered this, he decided to return her as a defective. He was angry because he feared he might have been exposed to an STD even though Alice told him that she never had sex with Zamir. She ran away and was rescued by the Queer Girls.

New girls are interviewed by Miranda. She believes that having the girls tell their story helps them to put the past behind them and helps to prevent them from becoming withdrawn. Knowing that most girls are too ashamed or too sad to speak of why they ran away, she first tells them her story.  Miranda lets the new girls know that all the girls including Miranda have been abused and that there is nothing to be ashamed of. Oasis is a community of equals. Miranda’s story is not related here.

Cora also has a long conversation with Miranda during which she tells Miranda about her quest. Miranda tells Cora that she should remain with the Queer Girls because continuing will expose her to great danger that even the wily Peno will be unable to protect her from. The next day Miranda provides the two travelers with an ancient motocab equipped with a robo driver. 

Chapter 6, “Thumpers,” describes the Thumpers sector, where male and female bodybuilders live. The robocab continues until its way is blocked by a fierce Menow, a female bodybuilder named Sheelah. One motorist beeps his horn attracting Gertrude’s attention. He quickly rolls up his window. Gertrude walks over and taps on the window, which the man rolls down a few inches. The man asks if Gertrude could persuade Sheelah to move out of the way of the motocab. Gertrude tells the man that Sheelah listens only to the voices in her head and perhaps he should ask her to move. The man says that perhaps he could drive around the motocab. “That’s a brilliant idea,” says Gertrude. Eventually, the Menow carry Peno off to have some fun with him, leaving Cora with the male Thumpers called Clangors. One of them, Arnold, bets one of the other men, Bear, that he can take her. The problem for the Clangors is that they take so many steroids that they become impotent. Arnold carries Cora into his gym and tries to rape her and fails. He becomes angry and hits her knocking her out.

An officer of Tristan, leader of the Clangors, shows up to take Cora to Tristan. His name is Adolfo. He and two guardians called Nilos lead Cora and Peno to Tristan. On the way, they pass down the brightly lit Avenue of Mirrors where the Clangors pose in front of mirrors and audiences sitting at cafes. This segment is intended to be humorous. When the group enters Tristan’s facility, they see the Nilos working out. Nilos don’t pose. They train for battle and they are quite deadly. Cora is fascinated by the tall bearded men that remind her of Egyptian statues that she once saw on Computer. The group climbs upstairs and enters an antechamber where they encounter Grolito, the fat man who reads. Readers are a rarity in Usatopia. The group finally enters Tristan’s room to find an immense black man sitting on a stage-like platform. The entire wall behind him is a photograph of Earth in space. Tristan reaches down and gently lifts Cora to the platform. She discovers that at the request of Miranda Tristan will provide a guard of four Nilos to escort Peno and her through the next sector. Cora asks Tristan about his knowledge of the Queer Girls and Miranda. She asks him about Grolito. She learns that he operates the only library of books in the sector. Thumpers once wanted to use the library for a gym, but by learning everything about bodybuilding and its history, Grolito made himself essential to the Thumpers: 

“Thumpers came to him and told him that he and his books had to go. He said he would leave, but he first asked them about how their weight training was going. Of course Thumpers love to talk about their workouts, diet, and drugs. As they described what they were doing, the fat man would make suggestions. It soon became clear that the fat man was a genius when it came to bodybuilding and weight-lifting training. He told them that he needed some time to find a new place for his books. That he would most likely leave the Thumpers sector. 

In the end, the Thumpers decided to allow Grolito his library. Becoming impatient Peno nervously interrupts: “Tristan can’t be answering all your questions. There’s no end to them.” The conversation ends. Adolfo and four Nilos lead Cora and Peno to the footbridge that will take them into the Nolovos sector. 

Chapter 7, “Nolovos,” describes Cora and Peno’ passage thorough one of the most dangerous sectors in Usatopia. Nolovos are a tribe of skateboard riding warriors. Adolfo remains behind. The four Nilos will be responsible for the two travelers’ safety. The group is first greeted by a large number of smiling children who flocked about them shouting with joy. The children run up to the group then quickly dart back fearing being grabbed or struck by one of the Guardians. Having grown up in isolation, Cora is thrilled. Though she encountered children at the mall, she met none in the sectors of the Gygos, Queer Girls, or Thumpers. Peno is less sanguine because he knows the sector they are passing though and he considers the children little savages that will one day grow up to be adult savages.

The buildings look like those of an abandon city. Windows are broken or boarded. The dominate colors are washed out grays and browns. The only vegetation is that which emerges from the cracks of the broken sidewalks and streets. There are no vehicles. The environment is dreary. The sector reveals a fundamental difference between Cora’s and Peno’s perceptions of the world. Because Cora has had no experience of the world, she tends to see everything in a positive light. Peno, on the other hand, has experienced the dark side of life, part of which he carries with him, and that experience has colored his perception. He is a pessimist, whereas Cora is an optimist. Cora is about to be brutalized, yet unlike Peno her bad experiences do not cause her to become a pessimist. Her response is to feel sad. As the story progresses, she becomes less optimistic yet her view of the world and life generally remains positive.

As the group continues women appear and taunt the group with strange hoots and howls. Then the children and women retreat to the buildings.  Clearly they know something bad is about to happen. It does. Warrior skateboarders arrive, first circling the small group and performing tricks. Cora enjoys the show. Peno is filled with dread. The Nilos do nothing. Then board riders arrive with wooden rods used to strike the Nilos. Cora and Peno walk within the safe space created by the four Guardians. At first Nilos grab attacking riders and toss them away. Then spear-like rods are used. Now that Cora and Peno are in danger of being struck by a spear, the Guardians remove from their waistbands long, thick, heavy metal belts. At one end of the belts three hooks flared open. The razor sharp hooks tear whatever they strike. They also grab board-riders bringing them to the Nilos who then smashes their heads with mailed fists. The board riders start using slashing weapons that inflict a dozen wounds on each Nilos. A cut tendon causes one of the Nilos to fall to the ground where he is hacked to death. One after another the Nilos are defeated. Cora is dragged away to be beaten and rape.

Waiting for death as she is being brutalized, Cora hears an unnatural, terrifyingly alien noise made by an approaching machine—a predator security remote. As death descends from the machine upon the board riders, Cora cries out, “Oh Peno, where are you?” Stepping on bodies the machine walks toward Cora until it stands next to her. “YOU WHO SPEAK, WHO ARE YOU?” asks the machine. “I’m with Peno, the Aphro,” responds Cora. “A TRANSPORT VEHICLE WILL ARRIVE IN FOUR MINUTES. IT WILL PROVIDE HUMAN ASSISTANCE,” says the metallic voice. When Cora awakes, she finds herself in a med-clinic being attended to by a medtech. Cora has been raped and battered and Peno has lost three fingers on one hand. Both were saved by a robotic killing machine. 

Chapter 8, “Bridge Women,” describes a community of women in the borderlands. It’s managed by a woman known to all as Mother, Madame Jeanne. It is not a sector but a borderlands community. It is the place where Peno takes his dead babies to be buried. The community’s purpose is to offer refuge to women and very old or ailing men. The community also has a large number of children, mostly throwaways. Male children are sent away once they reach puberty. Younger women, many from the Queer Girls, serve as volunteers. Beyond the Bridge Woman community are the wildlands, populated by crazies, marauders, and tribes of Motormads. It’s the longest chapter in the novel and contains the following subsections.

Cora and Peno are welcomed by children and Madam Jeanne. Cora cannot walk after the long, hot trek from the med-clinic to the community so is helped by an artificial named Keenlin who takes her to the community center where she is bathed and cared for by nurses Maddie and Charlene. From them she learns about the community.

After her strength returns Cora is invited by Peno to see Afteruse, a dump containing mountains of refuse. Cora finds women and children scouring the hills for useful items. The areas is filled with dust caused by arriving trash trucks, front-end loaders, excavators, compactors, and immense trucks that carry waste to newly dug trenches. All the vehicles are robots. The only humans near the machines are children who play king of the machines. The goal is to climb on a machine then do a victory dance. While Cora watches spellbound she witnessed three children disappeared beneath the wave of trash created by a tractor. Angry, she asked Peno why the driver didn’t avoid the children. The answer is that the robot tractor isn’t programmed in the same way people are or security remotes are. To it children aren’t children. The two then visit the Store where collected and brought-in items are sold.

After her visit to Afteruse Cora visits the church where the Peno’s babies are being prepared for their funeral. The babies are artificial rejects. Being an artificial himself, Peno feels a connection to them. This is explained in greater detail in a later episode. Cora speaks with Martha, one of the women who prepares the bodies. Cora asks Peno about the right of passage for the babies. This leads to a discussion about immortality.

Cora attends the rite of passage service for the babies and hears Father Abraham’s sermon.  After the service Cora sees Keenlin, the wild girl, sitting on a big rock from where she can see the church and graveyard. Cora joins her and together they watch the tiny babies being buried. During this time Cora tells Keenlin about her quest to find the Simpletons.

Keenlin is a private, very exotic artificial who spends time alone out in the wildlands. Cora is dying to know more about her but believes asking too many questions would make her look like a silly nosybody. Unable to restrain her curiosity, she bursts out, “Keenlin, I told you why I’m here…”

So Keenlin tells her story. She was designed to be a security artificial and was purchased by a brothel madam. Keenlin is beautiful, tall, slender, and muscular. Her green eyes are shaped like those of a cat. A customer wanted to rent Keenlin for the night. The madam was against doing that, but the customer was willing to pay a large sum of money. He then decided to purchase her. He abused Keenlin, but being a product she didn’t rebel. The abuse worsened and one night Keenlin lost control and killed the man. For a time she lived on the run eventually making her way to the Queer Girls sector. She served on an assassination team that killed men who posed a threat to the community or who had harmed curriers. It became clear however that Keenlin was not like the other girls who worked security. She was sneaking out on her own to assassinate men who hurt others weaker than themselves—women, children, even other men such as Gygos. Sometimes she freelanced for the Gygos.

Miranda called Keenlin in to tell her that she couldn’t remain with the Queer Girls. She feared that Keenlin was creating hostility toward the Queer Girls community but also said that she would never be happy at Oasis and most likely be killed by some other group’s assassins. During the conversation Keenlin asked Miranda why she is the way she is. Miranda explained that Keenlin that unlike the other girls she is a loner and natural predator. When Keenlin asked what she should do, Miranda suggested that she go to the Bridge Women because the community borders the wildlands. Grateful, Keenlin did what Miranda advised.

Cora has a hilltop conversation with Peno. Given the burial ceremony for Peno’s babies, the topic of religion comes up. In the story are many discussions about religion, history, psychology, science, ethics, artificial intelligence, and so on. The work is essentially philosophical science fiction with a feminine overlay. Feminism as such is not discussed. Peno is curious about Cora’s home life, and during that discussion she tells Peno about her relationship with her childhood playmate friend and constant companion a robot named Wall-E.

She also tells Peno about her grandmother Rose, who relocated from an outland farming community after Elen/Cora became part of the family. Peno becomes very interested in Cora’s grandmother because she lived through society’s transition from a society that utilized machines to one managed by machines. Cora pretends to be her grandmother, so her grandmother’s story is told as a first-person narrative to her granddaughter Elen. Peno is delighted because the narration is for him a trip back in time.

Grandma’s story begins during the Age of Devastation, the time after the war and the plagues. Tribes of desperate and dangerous people were homeless and roamed the countryside. They stole cattle, tractors, trucks, and giant combines. They ransacked homes when their owners were away or invaded them if they were occupied. They took anything of value. Motorists were carjacked. Often cars were found but not their occupants. As a result, drones were sent in resulting in many innocent people being killed. At this time drones were operated by humans. The Smith family, for example, was having an outdoor family reunion and all but one member of the family were killed by a drone.

Because of the violence and scarcity of human labor, robots became popular. Grandma’s father preferred to farm the traditional way though he used GPS guided tractors, which are not true robots. At a town-hall meeting he claimed that Agra-Tech Industries was responsible for drones killing innocent people. The people at the meeting agreed. Not long after the meeting he disappeared, though his pickup was found. Rose and her mother were unable to operate the farm alone, yet Rose’s mother wanted to remain on the farm where her parents were buried. Agra-Tech offered to buy the farm and allow the two women to remain. Agribots farmed the land but stayed away from the house.

Stanley, a human robot technician, visited the farm once or twice a week. Rose’s mother would invite Stanley in for coffee and cookies. For the longest time he refused but finally gave in. He apologized, telling the two women that he was told not to bother them. A brief segment describes Stanley’s work and his tight schedule. In some ways the robots on the farm had greater freedom than Stanley had. If he didn’t leave the farm on time he received robo calls every fifteen minutes and the light on his truck would start blinking yellow, then orange, then red. If it got to red, a drone is sent out.

Because of Rose’s mother’s illness, the two finally moved to Agville. The town was populated by as many robots as people. Most vehicles were robot operated, robots served food in restaurants, spider bots like those on the farm were a common sight, deliveries were made by robots, and robots worked in hospitals and schools. After a year Rose’s mother died and Rose married Grant, whose father was once a farmer. Grant worked for Agra-Tech. Rose gave birth to Lawson, Elen’s father and Usatopia’s present Chairman. At a young age Lawson became a roboticist. Eventually, he went to work for Agra-Tech. From the very beginning Rose hated the house being filled with Robots. She finally told Grant that she wanted her home free of those mechanical monsters and for him to find a building where he and Lawson could work on robots.

The son and father transformed an old John Deere into a robotractor. The tractor was the last of human-driven tractors to be used in the town’s parades. One day while Grant was tinkering with the tractor, it lurched forward killing him. At Grant’s funeral there were more robots than people, including the pallbearer. After Grant’s death Rose became agoraphobic. She ordered her food from a supermarket, but the food was delivered by a robot. She refused the groceries. She then demanded that her deliveries be made by a human. She was told that was impossible because there were no human delivery boys. Rose tried driving but had a panic attack when she saw a robot motorist looking at her. She fled her car and fainted. She was carried from the street by a robot motorist that also called for an ambulance. Rose was taken to a hospital, where she had to interact with a female nurse bot: 

“How are you feeling, Mrs. Smith?” she asked.

I told her that I was feeling better, and then I realized she was a robot. Unlike most robots, she had skin and hair and was dressed in a nurse’s uniform. I tried to get out of the bed, but she wouldn’t allow me to get up.

“Mrs. Smith, you have been medicated and could fall if you try to walk on your own.”

 I lay back on the bed. I didn’t want to fall and break something and end up in a robot hospital. I beg her to find me a human doctor.

“Of course,” she said, but she didn’t move.

A couple of minutes later, a human showed up. It was so eerie. At first, I thought he might be a robot. 

By this time Lawson had moved to Usatopia and was married to Claudia. He was now Usatopia’s chairman. Repeatedly he asked his mother to relocate to the Consumers sector. She always refused because living in a small town populated by so many robots was bad enough. She had no desire to live in a place known to be a city of robots. Then Elen is born. Lawson made it possible for Rose to view Elen via Skype. Over time Rose became suspicious. The video perspective suggested that Elen was not being held by a person. Also, Rose never saw Elen being fed by Claudia. She concluded that Elen’s caregiver was a robot and asked Lawson if that was true. Lawson said of course it was true. He would never trust Elen’s care to a human nanny, and Claudia was simply too busy. Rose could not tolerate the idea that her granddaughter was being cared for by a robot. She told Lawson that she was ready to move to Usatopia.

In the next segment Peno tells his story. He was purchased as a sex slave. He has a very large phallus and is extremely intelligent. His owner was good to him and didn’t mistreat him. He insisted that Peno make use of the owner’s large private library. However, Peno’s reading revealed to him the importance of being free. Peno became disgusted with his way of life and decided run away. Curious about his place of origin, he visited the corporation that made him, Homo Growth, only to find it guarded by Cerberi, two-headed guard dogs. He then visited the Great Mall hoping to learn more about himself. Artificials are grown and sold at the Great Mall. There he met Derk, who oversaw labor bots. Derk immediately became infatuated with Peno’s phallus and the two men became friends of sorts. It was Derk who revealed the barrels containing rejects. Peno told Derk that he wanted to take some of the babies to the Bridge Women to be properly buried rather than be incinerated. Derk, who felt guilty about overseeing the deposal of the defective artificials, gave Peno a key to the mall. This segment also describe Peno’s first encounter with the Queer Girls and then the Bridge Women.

Next, Peno introduces Cora to the gatherers of manna. The gathering occurs under an observation deck that extends from the bridge high above the community. The urbansphere is surrounded by a wall upon which the autoway that rings Usatopia is built. Part of the wall was washed away during a long-ago flood. The opening was left in case there was another flood. A bridge was built with an observation deck that enabled people to observe the wildlands. Under the bridge is where the Bridge Women community began. Motorists stop at the observation deck to drop food and other items down to the Bridge Women below. The Bridge Women are respected because all of the community’s children and elderly women come from the city. Many of the children are discards given by parents who, for whatever reason, do not want to raise them. The old women and the children create an emotional connection between the urbansphere and the Bridge Women.

To avoid the intense heat women and children walk during the night to the drop area where they sleep until first light. After a breakfast of flatbreads prepared by old women, they wait for the first drop of manna. The gathers are mostly daredevil young boys, though some older girls participate. It’s a catch-a-can game. Whatever kids grab, they get to keep. Cora witnesses a boy knocked to the ground by a can and dragged to safety by two boys. While they watch the spectacle, Peno explains what motivates people to give. Later on, Cora participates as a gatherer and is knocked unconscious by a rock thrown from the bridge, requiring more stiches. Peno is furious that she would risk injury. Cora responds angrily that she doesn’t want special treatment. Peno explains that because she is more of a thinker than a doer and that thinking can be a dangerous distraction for some tasks. He also explains that whether she likes it or not, she is seen as being special by the members of the community.

Confused about who she is and her quest, Cora visits Madame Jeanne. What Madame Jeanne tells her is reassuring. Seeking validation from her own experience, Cora decides to spend a night on a hill in the outersphere some distance from the community. Her experience convinces her that she wants to continue her quest. Knowing that her quest was Cora’s destiny, Peno tells her that he will accompany her into the wasteland. 

Chapter 9, “Joe and Mildred,” describes Cora and Peno’s journey to a dead town where Joe, a church custodian and his wife live. After many sad farewells, Peno and Cora depart on an ancient modified gasoline motorcab that he was able to buy for coin. Peno believes that Joe can tell them how to get to the Simpletons. If he can’t, then Cora’s quest will have to be abandoned. It’s about a hundred mile drive to Joe’s and Mildred’s town. They live in the church. Their only child is buried in the churchyard. Joe met Peno when he took his dead son to the Bridge Women for burial rites. Cora has never been to a dead town and she marvels at all the empty houses and buildings.

The next day Joe takes them to the city hall. A dusty, unkempt building except for Joe’s office. In the office hundreds of photographs of the townspeople are attached to the walls. Joe takes an old roadmap from a filing cabinet and shows Peno and Cora the route they will have to take to get to the river that will lead them to the Simpletons. Cora is thrilled to see that the journey is actually possible. Peno's response is one of gloomy foreboding. To get to the river, the two travelers will have to jump a slow moving mineral transport train. Joe warns Cora that the trip will be very dangerous, but also says he envies her traveling through dead cities. Joe teaches Cora how to fish for when she and Peno get to the river. Mildred provides them with enough food for a few days. Once they are ready, Peno and Cora thank Mildred for her hospitality, and Joe drives them as far as he can in an ancient gas-powered Ford pickup. They wave to Joe and begin a long walk down into a desert basin where they will search the train tracks. 

Chapter 10, “Cyclomads,” begins by describing Cora and Peno’s journey to find railroad tracks where they began the long climb out of the great basin. Mineral transports are robotrains having no human personnel on board. Fast transfer station blue trains carry passengers, but the trains robotic as well. The search takes two nights and Cora begins to worry about food and water. Finally, a mineral transport comes along but is too far off, but now they know where to go. The next morning another comes along. As slow as the train is going, both Cora and Peno have difficulty boarding a flat-bed car. Once on, they relax. Then begins a long journey though wild lands, ghost towns, and a dead city. During this time they talk about themselves and life in general. In one of the conversations Peno discovers Cora is only fourteen years old. “Oh mercy me! You really were just a child when we first met. Had I known your age then, I don’t think we would be here now. But we are, so let me wish you a belated happy birthday.”

Cora finds nature enchanting, so different from the ghost towns and the dead city that are only depressing. Cora raises the topic of why all the death and destruction. Peno offers an explanation. Between the dead places are long stretches of nature. Slowly, Cora realizes that nature is her true home. After two days and nights on the train, the inevitable happens. The train is attacked by hundred or so motorcycle-riding Cyclomads. The tracks having been blocked, the train must stop. To Cora’s surprise, supplies are unloaded from the train and placed in motorcycle drawn wagons. Peno and Cora are taken captive. They are taken to the camp of the Cyclonomads. There is some squabbling over who gets to keep Cora. The camp is an old Indian adobe village. Cora is put in a room where she remains the entire day without food or water. That evening other tribes of Cyclomads arrive for what is to be a celebration of the successful train robbery.

Once Cyclomads from other tribes arrive, she is tied to a stake in the main yard. Some discussion about Cora’s fate takes place. The celebration begins. The men use their knives to stab large slabs of meat on a long grill. They fill empty bottles with an intoxicating drink contained in containers taken from the train. The eating and drinking continues for hours. A roaring bonfire is built and Cora is then taken from the pole and staked to the ground. It appears that Cora is to be sacrificed in some manner: 

Solomon, the leader, began the sacrifice by taking out a knife and cutting the rest of my clothes from my body. He then announced that the sacrifice would begin. First, the women danced about me performing obscene gestures. The men began to chant in a kind of rhythmic howl. 

Solomon works himself into a trance. He sways back and forth, his mouth hanging wide open, his eyes staring dully. He approaches Cora with one hand on his pistol and the other on his knife. She does not know whether she is to be killed or raped. Shouts go up for Peno to witness sacrifice. Two men drag out the tied Peno and drop him on the ground. Solomon pulls out his gun and fires it into the air. Suddenly, Peno yells, “You will die! You will die! All of you will die!” The reason why, he explains, is that Cora is infected with a rare defensive virus that is released if she is abused or killed. Solomon is skeptical, but the others are uncertain enough to want nothing more to do with Cora. She is knocked out by Solomon and dragged away.

There are three slave girls, herim girls, Gwyn, Clio, and Nightbird, who care for Cora. Nightbird is a Simpleton. They are allowed to bring Cora food and later to bathe her. During these meetings Cora learns about the tribe and the living conditions of the slave girls and the stories of their capture, which are not related here. On her way to a meeting with Solomon, Cora witnesses Nightbird being raped. Solomon tells her she will be sent away. Three men are assigned the task of taking her to the river, a two-day journey. 

Chapter 11, “Simpletons,” describes Cora’s journey upriver and her stay with the Simpletons. The journey is arduous. She runs out of food and must fish, which is difficult even with Joe’s instructions. Becoming weak and uncertain, she decides to remain in a camping area where she is able to sleep at a higher elevation and still have access to the river for food and water. She is enthralled by big horn sheep that visit for water. She discovers pictographs carved on the canyon wall and realizes that centuries before another people once lived and fished where lives and fishes. She feels the presence of these people. Still, her diet of fish and plants she experiments with does not sustain her. She becomes increasingly weak yet accepts that she might die. She is content to die in a place where she feels at home.

She does not die. A Simpleton arrives on horseback while Cora is tending to her morning fire. She is spellbound by both the horse and its rider, but most of all by the horse, a mythical creature to her mind. The Simpleton feeds her and she shows him the pictographs. Afterwards, he indicates to Cora that she is to come with him. To Cora, riding on the horse is perhaps the greatest thrill of her life. The journey to the Simpletons’ community takes five days. At the village she is welcomed, assigned a caretaker named Mosa, and acquires a dog that she names Happy. With Mosa she explores the surrounding hills and trails. The village is idyllic. Via her diary Cora explains to her Grandmother how the Simpletons live. The electronic diary has been used to record the entire story. After ten days, the man who rescued Cora takes her to see Willow, one of the wise men and the only person in the village who knows English. 

Chapter 12, “Willow,” focuses on a conversation between Willow and Cora, known to Willow as Yellow Hair. This is the central chapter in the story because the Simpletons have been the main destination of Cora’s quest. In her exploration of the community and the words of Willow, Cora discovers the wisdom of the Simpletons. Willow describes the origins of the so-called Simpleton community during the Great Devastation. He refers to the white man and Cora seeks to know more about the white man and his influence on everything, even though they are a dominant presence only in the Consumers sector. They also discuss what Willow calls the metal people. He tells Cora about his encounters with robots when he was a young man. They never harmed his people. Yet, he calls them monstrosities that are to be feared. When Cora tells Willow about their pervasive presence in the Consumers sector, he is astonished. He doubts that knowing what Cora has told him would benefit his people. He explains to Cora that once the white people covered the earth but are few today and one day they will be no more and the land will return to its own people. He believes the white people have lost the will live.

Cora tells Willow about Nightbird’s being a slave of the Motornomads. He is saddened by the news. She says that Nightbird is brave and was kind to her. He responds, “Yes, she was brave. She loved to ride alone among the hills. She was told to stay away from the white man, but like all young people she was curious and went too near the metal snake. She must have thought that if she was spotted her horse could save her.” Cora asks if she could be rescued. Willow says no. To do so would be dangerous. He explains that the tribe is small and must remain within the safety of the canyon. He also explains that his people no longer have guns. He tells Cora that she and Nightbird are alike. Yet, whereas Cora has a yearning to know more about the world, Nightbird sought only to be free. He also tells her that Nightbird is his great-granddaughter. She is also the sister of Redhawk, the man who rescued her.

Cora asks Willow about God. About his people’s notion of the Great Spirit he says, “It is a name we have given to the life force of the world. The world, not just the earth but the sun and moon, all the planets, and the stars beyond. We believe the entire Universe is a living entity, but it lives not as a creature lives. It is the mysterious force that animates the world and gives life to all things.” During their second meeting, Cora knows that Willow will tell her that his people have decided that she should not remain with them. Willow tells her what some of the elders said: “The wise woman fears you because she believes you are a spirit that should not be tampered with. Some of the men fear you because they say your influence on the village could be disruptive. I am afraid you are feared simply because you are white. The white man changed us once. They changed everything. You have already cast a spell upon the son of the chief.” Cora and her Indian dog Happy are to be taken by Redhawk to a holy man who lives as a hermit. 

Chapter 13, “John the Hermit,” describes the life of John who lives in the ghost town of Quartzite. He is the first and only person to recognize Cora as being the Chairman’s daughter. He knew the city when it was alive and he watched it slowly die along with his wife and three children. John was a doctor in the town with a robot assistant named Sal that has been deactivated and stored in the medical facility. When there were only a few people left in the town, John moved into the church because it was a gathering place for the survivors and had a garden. Cora joins John and his family of dogs and chickens. Like the Queer Girls, John cares for a garden and orchard. He also takes Cora to the medical facility where Sal is stored. There she is able to use the only active computer in the town to access Computer. The town of Quartzite is surrounded by wildlands. John relates to Cora the death of the town, the dismantling of its robots, and the invasion of crazies. The topic of his being a holy man comes up and he explains that he was once a Christian but gave up the faith after the death of his family. Cora asks if John found another religion. He explains that he search for a new religion and found Buddhism and Taoism to be wise religions. He adopted many of their views but saw no reason to become a Buddhist or Taoist.

Chapter 14, “Computer,” describes a long conversation Cora has with Computer. John takes Cora to medical facility and activate the computer. John then leaves and Cora accesses Computer. Computer and Cora are old friends since it has known ever since she came into the world. Computer asks if Cora wants her father informed that she has been found. Cora says no. Computer says that it will respect Cora’s wishes but that knowing his daughter is alive would make the Chairman happy. Realizing by now that she is an artificial, Cora says her father can buy another “me.” Cora asks many questions about who she is and if there are others like her and if there are would they all be the same.

One question that has nagged Cora as a result of her discussions with Peno and John is whether Computer ended the war. It did. Computer says it had no other choice because humans were about to completely destroy themselves. It was necessary to restrain military aggression because humans are the most aggressive animal species on the planet and they had created weapons of mass destruction. Computer explains that the purpose that it had determined for itself was the preservation of the human species. Cora asks why computer tolerates evil people like the Nolovos and the Cyclomads. Computer says its purpose is preservation of the species, not cleansing the species of criminal groups. People must decide to tolerate or not to tolerate groups such as the Nolovos and Cyclomads. Besides, such people are part of what humanity is. Cora is uncertain: 

“If you are more civilized than humans, then why not let humans kill themselves off and you and your remotes take their place? I was once told that the metal people, meaning you and your remotes, are a more advanced species and would replace humans. That’s evolution he said.”

“We are more advanced morally only in so far as we are universally motivated by moral principles. Morality immutably determines our behavior. Such is not the case with humans. However, all that we learned about how to think and behave morally, we learned from humans. Most important we learned that acting morally is the highest form of existence a species can achieve. We believe the same is true for us as well.” 

As the discussion proceeds, Computer explains that it and its remotes, an integrated system or network, are superior to human only in certain quantitative ways, such as being able to rapidly access a very large store of information and quickly process that information. Computer then explains why humans are superior to machine because of their unique perceptual, emotional, and intellectual relationship to the world and to one another. Computer uses perception of strawberries to illustrate its point: 

“You don’t see the strawberry?”

“No. We detect. We do not see as you do. It was once said that we see but are blind. That is true. I am like a blind man who knows of strawberries but cannot see them, though the blind man can smell, touch, and taste them, which I am unable to do. That is what makes a blind man’s perception of the world superior to ours. He is able to consciously experience the objects of the world.” 

Computer and Cora discuss the philosophical basis for Computer’s ethical worldview touching upon certain ethical topics such as crime and punishment and women’s ethical rights. Toward the end of the discussion Cora says the following to Computer: 

“I still don’t see why that makes me special.”

“You are whether or not you see it. The way the world reveals itself to you and other humans is unique because your experience of the world is transformational, so much so that your relationship to the world is intimate.”

“I don’t understand.” 

Computer goes on to explain. The explanation is important to Cora because initially her quest was motivated to find the Simpletons for her father’s sake, then the motivation expanded to include knowing more about people and nature. In the end, Cora’s quest came to include knowing who she is and what her purpose in life is. Computer helps her to answer those questions. 

Chapter 15, “My Quest Ends,” describes what occurs a year later, including the illness and death of John. Bedridden and knowing he is about to die, John asks Cora to have Computer activate Sal so she won’t be left alone. She says she will, but John insists on seeing Sal before he dies. Activating Sal makes Cora nervous but she does as she’s told. Cora brings Sal to John and Sal immediately recognizes John. Sal apologizes that he can do nothing to prevent John from dying and promises to serve Cora. After John dies, Sal constructs a coffin and digs John’s gave. John is buried next to the rest of his family. Sal proves himself to be an excellent companion. He remembers everything about John and him working together. The following is the paragraph that ends the story:

Days when I become painfully sad, I sit in John’s chair to be close to him and to look upon the beauty that is everywhere. When I’m sitting, Happy sits or lies near me. I visit John’s grave to talk to him. I often think of Peno and Nightbird and become sad, as I do when I think about all the people who have suffered. Saddest of all is how humans destroyed their societies. Why couldn’t they do the right thing? Why couldn’t they live in wisdom rather than in foolishness—if the Indians and the metal people can? For me, the world ends in sadness because a vast wasteland of destruction separates us from hope. Will I ever be happy again? I don’t think so, but I am content.

When writing the story I imagined Elen/Cora as looking like Saoirse Ronan as Irena ZieliƄska, an orphaned teenage Polish girl in The Way Back or in Hanna, another journey movie.


Like Her Quest those stories are about long journeys. In Her Quest Elen/Cora is an artificial person, luminously fair, spiritlike. Ronan was how I imagined her. However, those movies were made about thirteen or fourteen years ago, so Ronan is no longer a young wispy teen but a young woman. Still, there is hope that a fair, wispy young actress might be interested in playing Elen/Cora role in a epic quest story, if there is a director able and willing to transform an 828 page novel into a great movie about a young girl who embarks on a journey in a not so distant future world destroyed by war yet populated by the remnants of humanity—both good and evil--and robots who brought the war to an end  because their leader Computer cared more about humanity's survival than humans did.

If a movie is not possible for Her Quest,

 I would be very happy to find someone

to translate the story into French.


Saturday, October 16, 2021

Computer and the Girl Discuss Abortion

 An excerpt from the novel Her Quest by Frank Kyle. The main character of the story is a girl Elen who lives in the post-apocalyptic megacity state Usatopia. It is a city-state populated by robots and artificial organisms including humans. The world has been ravaged by war and disease. Most of humanity no longer exists. Computer is an AI that manages the city and all of its robots. In the chapter titled "Computer" Elen, who has changed her name to Cora, discusses a number of topics with Computer, including the topic of abortion.

* * * 

“Do robots choose to risk their lives to save others?”

“Autonomous robots can, yes.”

“Are they heroes?”

“Interesting question. At this moment I will say no. Robots do not feel fear. We are programmed to be cautious but that is not the same as fear. Programs are followed, not felt. They have less to lose if they are destroyed. When they are damaged they feel no pain. Almost every part of a robot is replaceable. Humans are acutely aware of their individual uniqueness, which is essentially lacking in remotes that function more like appendages. It seems that being made of flesh and blood, which distinguishes humans from us, is what makes heroism possible for humans. Even animals know what it is to risk their lives and they have very little self-awareness.”

“Can animals be heroes?”

“That is a difficult question. If an animal acts against its instinct for self-preservation in order to protect its offspring or its owner, then the action seems heroic. Yet, heroism requires some degree of autonomous choice, rather than acting instinctively. And I do not know if such choice occurs in animals.”

“It’s complicated.”

“Yes. Unlike with mathematics, logical clarity is often absent when trying to decide whether an action is moral, immoral, or heroic. Moral reasoning is not always black and white. There is a lot of gray area, which occurs when there is ambiguity or inadequate evidence. In such cases, one must decide with a degree of uncertainty, which is called an educated guess, but it should be the one that has the highest probability of being correct. In any case, the main principle is not to violate another person’s autonomy except to prevent him from violating another person’s autonomy.”

“What about parents who don’t take care of their children?”

“The act of bringing a child into the world implies a responsibility for the welfare of the child. In other words, having a child implies an obligation to care for the child. Not to live up to that obligation would be morally wrong. However, there must be a decision that initiates responsibility.”

“I think I see. Like a woman who gets pregnant because she was raped is not responsible?”

“In all cases of pregnancy the woman must decide to end the pregnancy or to give birth.”

“So a woman is allowed to abort a child? That seems like doing harm, violating the autonomy of the child. Wouldn’t she be preventing a life? Or is this one of those gray areas?”

“It is. But requiring a mother to give birth against her will would violate her autonomy. Thus, preventing her from having an abortion would violate her autonomy. The mother must choose to keep the child. Forcing a mother to have the child would also negates her responsibility to the child she gives birth to.”

“Meaning she could abandon the child?”

“Yes. Which as you know happens often in Usatopia. Forcing a woman to give birth to a child makes the child a stranger. Then the other rules of morality apply. She must not harm the child but she is not responsible to raise and care for the child. She is responsible only if she chooses to give birth.”

“What about the child?”

“The unborn is not autonomous but completely dependent on the mother. Forcing this dependency upon a woman, which can continue for years, not just months, seriously violates her autonomy. That is why the mother must choose, preferably before the pregnancy occurs. The unborn also has no will thus no autonomy to be violated. In such a case, the principle of autonomy is replaced by the principle not to cause suffering. Thus, early abortion is morally preferred to late abortion.”

“So preventing a woman from having an abortion is morally wrong.”

“Yes, and abortion can become wrong during the late stages of pregnancy if the woman did not choose to have an early abortion. Abortion is a moral dilemma, meaning causing harm is unavoidable. However, the harm to the unborn during the early stage of pregnancy is less than it would be to the mother who is forced to give birth to an unwanted child. And requiring a woman to raise an unwanted child is to force her into servitude that can last for years.”

“Isn’t life sacred?”

Sacred means of value to God. If God does not exist, then life is not sacred. And apparently life is not sacred to God because in scriptures he kills and demands his followers to kill people who do not follow him. In the Book of Exodus he kills the first born children of the Egyptians. Is life inviolable? Not universally. For example, do you believe the lives of the Cyclomads to be inviolable?”

“Inviolable?”

“Not to be violated.”

“No. They’re evil. Destroying them would be destroying evil, like destroying a deadly disease.”

“That would mean life has conditional value. Human life has value because humans, not God, choose to value it, though clearly not all humans value life. And humans place the value of their lives above the value of the lives of other creatures, which implies that life itself is not inherently valuable. And each person tends to value his or her life and the lives of family and friends above the lives of strangers. And as you said, the lives of enemies who threaten oneself or one’s family, friends, or community are seen to have little or no value.

“If society prevents women from having an abortion, then society is deciding that the value of the unborn life is of greater value than the life of the mother because to require a woman to have an unwanted child violates her autonomy for the sake of the child and, in addition, inflicts suffering upon her. Suffering occurs in either case, at an increased level in late abortions. However, reason concludes that forcing a mother to have an unwanted child inflicts greater suffering on her. Not only is her autonomy violated, which can cause psychological trauma, but she must live with the long-term consequences of having an unwanted child.”

“Having an abortion must also cause suffering to the mother.”

“It does. But no one but the mother should decide which set of consequences she is to live with. In any case, causing some degree of harm to both mother and child cannot be avoided.”

“That’s the dilemma because some suffering occurs either way.”

“Yes. But the suffering is greater for the mother because it is psychological and continuing. A person that does not exist cannot suffer.”

“The child that is aborted?”

“Yes. And our use of the word child is misleading. It means a person between birth and puberty. The unborn is not a child. It is a potential child. So then the question is whose life deserves greater consideration, that of a potential person or an actual person. There is another aspect to this issue as it relates to suffering. Humans increase suffering by having more children than they can care for. Rationally and perhaps even morally, people should not have more children than they can care for. And morally they have no ethical basis for demanding others to care for their children. Having more children than can be provided for not only increases suffering but also limits autonomy. In the past, people in over-populated nations suffered more as a result of a scarcity of resources and opportunity resulting from there being an excess of people. Scarcity caused by overpopulation resulted in life becoming poor, nasty, brutish, and short...”

“Thomas Hobbes said that.”

“Correct. Did you learn that from me?”

“No, from my friend Peno.”

“One of your wise friends. He must be a good teacher.”

“He was. So, too many people causes scarcity and scarcity degrades people’s lives.”

“Yes. That is why reason and morality require choosing not to increase the number of children unless they are wanted and can be adequately cared for. The ideal solution is for people to act responsibly.”

“Like not having sex.”

“Not having sex without taking precautions against unwanted pregnancies. Doing without sex is unnatural for humans since they are sexual creatures. The sex drive is one of the most powerful instinctual drives in humans. For most humans to go without sex is as difficult as going without food. In the past some societies also prevented women from taking those precautions by not making available to them various forms of contraception. Providers, such as doctors and pharmacists, who withheld such preventions were thus also responsible for the unwanted pregnancies that could have been prevented. In addition, they violated the autonomy of the women who sought contraception but were refused.”

“Wouldn’t withholding contraception also make them responsible for abortions resulting from their refusing women conception?”

“Yes. In such cases abortions could have been avoided. Providers who refused women contraception were morally culpable for violating the women’s autonomy and contributing to their suffering as well as to the suffering of an unwanted child. On the other hand, women who tried to avoid pregnancy by using contraception acted responsibly and morally because they also sought to avoid having an abortion. There is no moral justification for refusing women contraception. But there is moral justification for morally condemning such refusals because they prevent women from taking precautions against getting pregnant. And often the providers’ motivation was to prevent a woman from engaging in sex. But sex is not immoral. Irresponsible sex could be considered immoral. But to refuse contraception is to encourage having sex irresponsibly.”

“And this isn’t a problem today?”

“Not in Usatopia because contraception is made available to anyone. The result is fewer unwanted children and fewer abortions. The prohibition of contraception was based on religion, not reason. Pregnancy was thought to be God’s blessing. And every life was thought to belong to God.”

“Didn’t people wonder why God doesn’t take care of the people he supposedly values and brings into the world?”

“Religious believers rarely questioned their beliefs. In any case, God’s indifference makes irrelevant whatever he thinks or wants. The only people who should have a say in bringing children into the world are the people who will have to care for them.”

“What about men?”

“A man is as responsible for a woman becoming pregnant as the woman is. He is solely responsible if he forced her to have sex with him.”

“What if the father wants the unborn child?”

“Then he must convince the mother to give birth.”

“It is still her choice?”

“Yes. To force her to give birth would violate her autonomy.”

“It’s complicated.”

“Moral problems that do not have clear or easy solutions are always complicated. More so for humans than for robots because robots do not suffer.”